Lead Jig
I have often wondered as to how the people in North and South America actually got to those 2 continents?
My observations of Koreans and photos of Peruvians Appearing to look like each other……………plus wooden carved totem like poles being similar to north american totem poles .Leads me to infer that prehistoric east asians from Manchurian China followed the grazing cattle and sheep & goat herds across the Behring strait- land mass to Alaska.
Thor Heyerdahl also sailed to America in a type of raft in the 50’s.Proving sea borne migration to America. i wonder if any one has any scientific evidence to fit this migration jig saw together /? Or shed more light on possible theories?Further the “so called “..”Red Indians ” seem to look like East Asians in some facial characteristics Meaning did the Asians migrate to Ameria in ancient prehistoric times???.
Previous to European colonialism the major migrations to North and South America occurred from North-Central Asia during the last major ice age when the bearing straight became a land bridge. This ice age period was between 10,000 – 12,000 years ago and it was this migration that eventually radiated to fill the Americas to become the dominant genealogical expression of the Native American tribes. Some argue (purely because of ethnocentrism) that the Clovis technology that was the major stone tool technology in the Americas came from Europe and show it’s similarity to a French stone culture that dates back to around 14,000 years ago. These same “scientists” if I can call them that, search the eastern seaboard with great zeal looking for signs of Clovis technology to prove their non-point. The reason why I call this a non-point is because the empirical evidence that is available, that being the Y-DNA/mt-DNA evidence clearly demonstrates that the 10,000 – 12,000 year ago migration DID come form North-Central Asia. Here are some links that clearly show the spread of Y-DNA and mt-DNA around the world and into the Americas: http://jewsandjoes.com/images/FTDNA-Migration-Map.jpg http://www.argusbio.com/tools_docs/human_mtdna_migrations.gif If the migration of the Clovis technology from West Europe were true then the American Y-DNA/mt-DNA haplogroups should show at least a little of the Western European haplogroup’s influence, yet none of the Western European’s predominantly R1B haplogroup is represented anywhere in the pre colonial American natives. The 10,000 – 12,000 year ago migration, however, was not the first. There have been a few archaeological sites that predate the 12,000 year ago beginning of the major migration from Asia or else are differential enough that have offered some clues as to there being multiple migrations into the Americas. One such site was that of Kennewick man who’s facial reconstruction offered a look at a man who looked distinctively Caucasian http://files.blog-city.com/files/A05/141484/p/f/kennewick_man.jpg http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/first/images/kennewick.jpg thus this initially fueled the fire of Early European migration supporters. The best hypothesis so far is that Kennewick Man is actually a relative of the Ainu people of northern Japan who are an ethnic group with Caucasian-like features much like those of Kennewick. Many sites that have fueled these debates, plus the questionable origins of Clovis technology are shown on this map: http://www.laputanlogic.com/images/2003/11/10-Y3266R0J00.jpg The evidence is not enough to predict whether all of these pre 12,000 migrations (and their ancestors like Kennewick Man) are all bearing straight migrations, or if some of the south American sites could even have been migrations from the South Pacific (Oceania). What is clear from the genealogical evidence, however, is that as the major migration of 10,000 – 12,000 years ago spread across the Americas, is that they did a wholesale replacement of the previous migratory populations because the Y-DNA and mt-DNA is quite purely that of this migration and not similar to either that of the Ainu, nor any other South Pacific or Asian groups that may have been a part of these earlier migrations. The original dates of these earlier migrations coming to the Americas is not fully know but it is suggested to be somewhere in the vicinity of 15,000 – 18,000 years ago, although sometimes you can see some obscure figures in the 35,000 – 50,000 years thrown into the discussion. I personally do not find the 35,000 – 50,000 year ago range credible because that type of time frame would not be consistent with the spread of archaeological evidence radiating through Asia and down into Oceania.
Edit………………………………..
Hey Ed, are we at this again? In regard to the infamous “X” mt-DNA haplogroup. On the Y-DNA flow chart that I submitted earlier, X closely corresponds with the Q-Q3 Y-DNA haplogroup, which depicts this haplogroup as splitting in Asia with it’s end points being split between Eastern Europe, and in the Americas. The mt-DNA digram that I submitted earlier did not show “X” ver well, here is another mt-DNA flow chart that speculates that the X haplogroup migrated straight from Eastern Europe to the Americas via Asia and the Bering Strait land bridge: http://worldfamilies.net/migration_map_wfn.gif Given the time constraints and the final locations of this Q-Q3 and X haplogroups I prefer to acknowledge that genes do not have to have originated from where they are most prominent in the modern population and that a mid Asian split is a more plausible cause of this modern distribution. None-the-less, given the far Eastern European frequency of the “X” and “U” haplogroups, this occurrence in the Americas adds absolutely no support to a migration for Western Europe, as X and U are NOT prevalent in Western Europe. Here is a really great link for Y-DNA frequency: http://www.dna-worldwide.com/Ancestral-Origin-Y-SNP-STR-DNA-test If you scroll down to the big map you can put your mouse pointer over the haplogroup letters and get a pretty good idea for how these haplogroups spread. Hover over “U” and you can see that this is the haplogroup which, like X is in the Yanomamo as specified by ed, the rest of the frequencies around the globe of this “U” haplogroup very clearly have remnants through Asia that point to this being the most likely route. For the case of “Western European” migration, hover your mouse over “R” now. While this haplogroup is quite prevalent in W. Europe, it also is spread clear across Asia and has high frequencies in India and New Zealand as well. So, while looking promising at first for supporting a “Western European” migration, this haplogroup could actually be interpreted in any of three ways. 1) Followed the Bearing Strait land bridge like “U” and “X” did. 2) Migrated from Western Europe or 3) a migration to the Americas from Oceania. The Oceanic migration is heavily scoffed at due to this meaning that early man had either better boats then we previously assumed, or else some rudimentary rafts were blown way off course and the passengers somehow survived such a trip across the South Pacific? Two other genes that support a Oceanic hypothesis would be “K” and “P”, the second of which also arrived into the Americas and it’s only other location in the modern populations is in Oceania. Being that this is Y-DNA this would only require a small number of stranded men to float on the currents to the Americas where they integrated with the societies that were already present from the Asiatic migratory route via the bearing strait and does not require a full scale “colonialism”. Given that these oceanic communities have their men fish from small outrigger crafts in the modern era that are easily constructed, it does not seem so impossible that a storm could have blown a few fishing expeditions out into the open ocean and that these fishermen could have survived off of rain water and fish for the duration of their journey over the remainder of the Southern Pacific before they integrated with the people already in the Americas. Anyways, here is some more food for thought, but the bulk and possibly all of the migration to the Americas was through the Bearing strait and I have yet to see any convincing evidence towards a Western European migration to this point (Yes I saw the Discovery show as well) and this hypothesis is really not yet supported by the archaeological nor genealogical evidence at hand. In fact, to me, the genealogical evidence is stronger for an Oceanic migration, although to make this trip with very rudimentary rafts/dugout outriggers seems like a very daunting trip to say the least!
Treble Jig lead 
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